OJED - TEST
About the Old Javanese-English Dictionary
The Old Javanese-English Dictionary, by P.J. Zoetmulder with the assistance of S.O. Robson (1982, KITLV), provided the first authoritative lexical reference and extensive corpus of pre-modern Javanese literature and inscriptions, and revolutionized the field of Old Javanese studies1.

    Zoetmulder began work in 1950, after accepting the position of Chair of Old Javanese at Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakart.  He did not have ready access to the major manuscript collections in Bali, Jakarta, and Leyden, and was obliged to rely on romanized copies for the major part of his unpublished sources.  Even after accepting this impediment to "scholarly perfection" he lamented that at the time I did not forsee that it would take thirty years to complete the task (Preface). 

    With the collaboration of Robson (beginning in 1972), Zoetmulder stayed the course.  As it stands, the OJED contains more than 25,500 headword entries, more than 18,000 subheads, nearly 8,500 indications of Sanskrit origin, and over 105,000 corpus citations from more than 120 identified sources. 


About this project
This project was initially broached to the KITLV in 2008, following our collaboration with Russell Jones in preparing an on-line edition of the Indonesian Etymological Project's Loan-Words in Indonesian and Malay (KITLV 2007).  Fortutuitously, Arlo Griffiths of the EFEO made a similar request to KITLV in 2009, with the intention of ultimately establishing an editorial board able to supervise ongoing correction and extension of the original OJED.  The EFEO provided funding to double-key the complete work (using facilities in Tamilnadu organized by Thomas Malten to support the many lexicography projects of the Institut fur Indologie und Tamilistik), and has generously shared this text with us. 

    As with similar SEAlang Library projects, our goal is to extend rather than simply reproduce the original print work.  While the OJED was printed as a dictionary with supporting text citations, it is both a dictionary and a text corpus.  In effect, this project exposes the full corpus to discovery tools, returning queries in every available corpus citation context, tabulating any query term's immediate neighbors or collocates, allowing drill-down to multi-word collocations, showing all entries from a particular source, and so on. 

    Although we have opened this site to allow reference and classroom use, it must be considered to be a work in progress.  As Zoetmulder (quoting Robson) notes, spelling was often inconsistent in original manuscripts, a problem that was magnified rather than resolved by the subsequent copyists whose texts he had to rely on.  Software tools are able to reveal ‐ but not rectify ‐ many uncertain points, discussed below under Known issues

    Future work at CRCL will focus on making source images and transcribed electronic texts of the original inscriptions and manuscripts freely available, along with with appropriate tools for corpus linguistcs.  See Old Javanese for a basic epigraphic inventory (from Nakada, Kozo. 1982. An Inventory of the Dated Inscriptions in Java. Toyo Bunko, Japan), with texts ‐ known to be flawed ‐ as available (from Sakar, Himansu Bhusan. 1971-1972. Corpus of the inscriptions of Java. K.H. Mukhopadhyay, Calcutta).  Please contact us if you are interested in joining this effort. 


USAGE
Indic character entry
Old Javanese āĕöīñśū
Harvard-Kyoto ADEOIGJRzSTU
Informal a-d.e:o:i-n'n~r.s's.t.u-
  To simplify display and cut & paste for most users, (n with palatal hook) as found in the original work has been replaced with (n with dot above).  When entering search queries, both the Harvard-Kyoto and informal variants given in the table on the left will automatically be converted into Unicode, as in the Old Javanese row.

Sources
Click any abbreviation in the Sources table, above, to show all entries (try a short one like Adg first).  Click the head of any column (Count, Abbrev ...) to re-sort the table.

Corpus / dictionary searches
  ‐ The long form of a dictionary entry includes corpus citations.  The short form of a dictionary entry does not. 

  ‐ Double-clicking any word automatically copies it to the search box (upper left). 

  ‐ Use the Corpus or Dictionary buttons to search.  Try double-clicking kasub

Wild cards Dictionary searches can use * to match any sequence of 1 or more characters.  Try kasu* or *sub or ka*b

Automatic search fallback Dictionary headword searches will automatically be extended to subheads, bold words in text, whole words anywhere, and finally partial words anywhere (including citations, if the long form view has been chosen).

Searching definitions Because of automatic search fallback, the text of definitions can be searched.  Try house.


Complete letter listings
Click any letter (left) to see all entries without the sources listed above.  Try a short chapter (like o) first.  Then, click any red headword, above, to show the complete entry here, or click any red item number to see the original page here.  This is intended to help guard against inadvertant transcription or coding errors, and requires the free DjVu plugin
Known Issues
‐ Source origins, types, and date are not fully clarified (blank cells in the table above).  A small number could not be identified and are listed beneath the table,
‐ Many tens of thousands of words are hyphenated at line ends.  About 6,000 ambiguous cases remain.
‐ About 4,000 citations should be identical, but are not.
Please see the Overview (also linked on the left) for more details.
Acknowledgements
CRCL gratefully acknowledges the cooperation and assistance of:
‐ Stuart Robson, who gave the project his blessing (please see also his Javanese English Dictionary on this site).
‐ Thomas Malten and the staff of the Sanskrit and Tamil Publishing Service (SPS), who keyed the text.
‐ Kees Waterman and the Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV), for granting permission to prepare this online edition.
‐ Arlo Griffiths and the École française d’Extrême-Orient (EFEO), for financing rekeying of the source text, and ongoing consultation.
Copyright notice
All material from Old Javanese-English Dictionary is copyright 1982 Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, and is used by permission.  For more information, visit the OJED page at the KITLV website.
1 Helen Creese, Old Javanese Studies: a Review of the Field Bijdr. tall-, land- volkenkd, 157:1 2001.